Temperament traits based on TEMPS-A scale and the use of CBD and other psychoactive substances and medications - an original study.

Rodek P.; Barabasz-Gembczyk A.; Mędrala W.; Perenc H.; Pasieka K.; Wojtowicz W.; Szyszka P.; Wesołek F.; Kucia K. · Psychiatria polska · 2026

**Background & Methods** This cross-sectional study examined 173 individuals via online survey to assess relationships between cannabidiol (CBD) use, other psychoactive substances, medications, and temperament traits measured by the TEMPS-A scale. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Chi-square test, and regression analysis using Statistica 13. **Key Findings** • CBD use showed no significant association with temperament traits regardless of administration form (oils, flowers, edibles, etc.), with CBD users demonstrating similar TEMPS-A profiles to non-users across depressive, anxious, hyperthymic, irritable, and cyclothymic dimensions. • Polysubstance use (≥3 psychoactive substances or medications) correlated with elevated hyperthymic and cyclothymic temperament traits, whereas marijuana smoking specifically associated with lower depressive temperament scores, and benzodiazepine/opioid use associated with higher anxious temperament. • CBD users demonstrated distinct substance use patterns: significantly higher rates of concurrent marijuana and cigarette smoking but lower utilization of non-opioid analgesics compared to non-CBD users. **Dosage & Administration** Not reported. The study assessed CBD use patterns and forms but did not specify dosages, frequency, or duration of administration. **Safety & Adverse Effects** Not reported. The study did not document adverse effects, tolerability, or safety outcomes associated with CBD use or concurrent substance use. **Evidence Quality** This study presents low-to-moderate evidence quality with significant limitations. As a cross-sectional design, it cannot establish causality or determine whether temperament traits influence substance choice or vice versa. The online survey methodology introduces selection bias and relies on self-reported data without biochemical verification of substance use. The relatively small sample size (n=173) and lack of demographic detail regarding age, sex, and clinical diagnoses limit generalizability. The study did not control for confounding variables such as underlying mental health conditions, concurrent treatments, or socioeconomic factors that may influence both temperament and substance use patterns. Notably, the absence of significant CBD effects on temperament contrasts with clinical literature suggesting anxiolytic and mood-related properties, potentially reflecting insufficient statistical power, measurement insensitivity, or the confounding influence of concurrent substance use. Replication with larger prospective cohorts, objective substance biomarkers, and controlled assessment protocols would strengthen evidence regarding CBD's relationship to affective temperament.

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